![moca test scoring ratio moca test scoring ratio](https://www.nieuwsblad.be/extra/static/2018/specials/201801_paardenmarkt/images/moca-test-dutch.jpg)
Since its appearance, many validation studies continuously report that the MoCA (English version and other language versions) had good diagnostic accuracy in discriminating MCI and AD patients, and better psychometric properties compared to other cognitive impairment tests ( Fujiwara et al., 2010 Freitas, Simões, Alves, et al., 2012 Freitas et al., 2013 Azdad et al., 2019 Freud et al., 2020 Serrano et al., 2020 Hemrungrojn et al., 2021). The MoCA is a 10-minute test for older adults that evaluates cognitive domains such as executive function, visuospatial function, memory, language, orientation, and attention. (2005) to address shortcomings of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), a widely used cognitive function test that was less sensitive to MCI. The MoCA was developed by Nasreddine et al. Those with single-domain aMCI are at higher risk of developing dementia, whereas naMCI is associated with non-AD dementias ( Csukly et al., 2016).Ī well-known tool for the detection of AD and MCI is the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
![moca test scoring ratio moca test scoring ratio](https://images1.publicschoolreview.com/charts/total_teachers/74000/74023/tyner-academy-chart-Mge0Zw.png)
MCI can be further divided into non-amnestic (naMCI) and amnestic (aMCI) MCI that can either be multiple domain or single domain.
![moca test scoring ratio moca test scoring ratio](https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-wtPkYYbCV94/WRCr4dJ-TvI/AAAAAAAFVJY/wr_OSpdbL8UDUpkRh1-S4pLrZ_yKjBs7ACLcB/s1600/MOCA%2B2.jpeg)
(1997), the diagnosis for MCI is made when a subject: (1) has memory complaints and abnormal memory function for their age, (2) has normal general cognitive function and activities of daily living, and (3) does not have dementia. MCI is an intermediate stage that is often, but not always, a transitional phase between normal age-related cognitive decline and dementia ( Anderson, 2019). This neurodegenerative disease is clinically characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive ability, which is in part due to the presence of neuritic beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tau protein tangles ( Murphy and LeVine, 2010).Īnother condition characterized by neurocognitive decline is Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Accounting for 60-80% of all dementia cases is Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) ( Alzheimer’s Association, 2020), a progressive brain disorder that is a major global healthcare burden. With this, the prevalence of dementia is also expected to significantly increase ( Norton, Matthews and Brayne, 2013). Conclusion: The MoCA's ability to discriminate MCI from NC was modest in this Chinese population, because it was far more sensitive to the effect of education than MCI diagnosis.The proportion of the world’s elderly population (age over 60 years) is projected to increase to 22% by 2050 (almost double the proportion in 2015) ( Kanasi, Ayilavarapu and Jones, 2016). In multivariate analyses controlling for age and gender, MCI diagnosis was associated with a <1-point decrement in MoCA score (η 2 = 0.010), but lower (1-6 years) and no education was associated with a 3- to 5-point decrement (η 2 = 0.115 and η 2 = 0.162, respectively). Overall, the MoCA's test performance was not better than that of the MMSE. The MoCA's test performance was least satisfactory in the highest (>6 years) education group: AUC = 0.50 (p = 0.98), Sn = 0.54, and Sp = 0.51 at a cut-off of 27/28.
![moca test scoring ratio moca test scoring ratio](https://images2.publicschoolreview.com/charts/gender/33000/32714/hanson-elementary-school-chart-KoQzYm.png)
Results: The MoCA modestly discriminated MCI from NC in both study samples (AUC = 0.63 and 0.65): Sn = 0.64 and Sp = 0.36 at a cut-off of 28/29 in the clinic-based sample, and Sn = 0.65 and Sp = 0.55 at a cut-off of 22/23 in the community-based sample. Method: The MoCA and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were evaluated in two independent studies (clinic-based sample and community-based sample) of MCI and normal cognition (NC) controls, using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses: area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity (Sn), and specificity (Sp). We evaluated the MoCA's test performance by educational groups among older Singaporean Chinese adults. Background: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was developed as a screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment (MCI).